Study in Germany

Invest in your future with an on-Campus, online, or a hybrid degree from The International University of Applied Sciences!

Your future starts here!

Join over 100,000 satisfied students at Germany’s largest university. Get your flexible and accredited degree on your terms – no matter your circumstances!

100 % flexible

You decide where and when you want to study

State-approved & accredited top-level education

First-class study programmes with a recommendation rate of 96%

AI-enhanced learning

Learn faster with both academic
and AI tutors

The right study programme for you

Bachelor's Degrees

Our undergraduate programs, including Applied AI, computer science, data & IT, marketing, and business & management, prepare you for dynamic career opportunities. With flexible learning options, some degrees on-campus, while others are 100% online or blend online and on-campus studies.

Master's Degrees

Regardless of your professional background, our online MBA programs empower you to enhance your specialized knowledge and cultivate deep business expertise. Study fully on-campus, online, or blend both approaches to elevate your management skills for global leadership roles.

MBAs

Looking to make a difference, and lead teams in exciting new industries? With our wide selection of unique MBA specializations, you can set a course for a new career path in your field of choice. Study on-campus, online – or combine both - and develop your management skills to match top international positions.

Bachelor's Degrees

Invest in your future with a bachelor’s degree from The International University of Applied Sciences – IU
An internationally recognized, state-accredited university, IU is located in the heart of Germany – Europe’s largest economy. 

Don't possess a high school diploma? We've got you covered!

Through Cambridge A-Levels, you can achieve a high school diploma while commencing your IU online Bachelor's degree simultaneously.
For further information, visit our Cambridge Baccalaureate page.

Categories
  • Data & IT
  • Business & Management
  • Healthcare & Social Care
  • Psychology
Business & IT
Business & IT
Business & IT

IT professionals with business management skills are sought-after all over the world. Prepare yourself for an exciting career with our online Bachelor’s in Business and IT study programme.

Engineering
Engineering
Engineering

Ready to make an impact? A Bachelor of Engineering degree paves the way for an exciting career in engineering. Whether you're driven by innovation, problem-solving, or advancing technology, this degree equips you with the skills to leave your mark.

Cyber Security
Cyber Security
Cyber Security

Start your journey into the thrilling world of digital defense as a Bachelor of Cyber Security. You'll learn to safeguard critical information and protect against evolving cyber threats. With a cyber security degree from IU, you set yourself up for a rewarding career that also enables you to create a real impact in today's increasingly interconnected world!

Computer Science
Computer Science
Computer Science

Are you passionate about IT and software development? Are you looking to become an expert in your field? If so, we have an excellent opportunity for you. Enroll in our online BSc Computer Science program and take your knowledge and skills to the next level.

Applied Artificial Intelligence
Applied Artificial Intelligence
Applied Artificial Intelligence

Unleash the power of AI: develop the skills to shape the future with our Bachelor in Applied Artificial Intelligence! Dive into the cutting edge world of intelligent machine, data-driven decision-making and problem-solving tasks.

Software Development
Software Development
Software Development

Join the digital revolution from the comfort of your home. Earn a Bachelor’s degree in Software Development online.

Robotics
Robotics
Robotics

Robots are revolutionising the way we manufacture, work and live. Join this fast-paced industry and learn to solve everyday problems through technology with this Bachelor’s programme in Robotics (BEng).

Data Science
Data Science
Data Science

Thrive in the dynamic world of data! With a bachelor in data science, you'll delve into the fascinating realm of data analytics, machine learning and more, and learn to leverage these to extract meaningful insights. Prepare to shape the future through data-driven innovation!

Industrial Engineering and Management
Industrial Engineering and Management
Industrial Engineering and Management

IT is innovating manufacture and supply chains across the world. With the IU International University of Applied Sciences online Industrial Engineering and Management Bachelor’s degree, you’ll be well-positioned to be a part of the revolution.

Hospitality Management
Hospitality Management
Hospitality Management

Join the exciting world of hospitality management, and work in a global-reaching, constantly shifting industry. Sign up for a Bachelor’s degree in Hospitality Management now.

Aviation management
Aviation management
Aviation management

Dream big and reach for the skies – build your international career with an online Aviation Management Bachelor’s degree.

Management
Management
Management

For a great career in international management, you need a solid foundation of practical and theoretical business knowledge. With the online Bachelor’s degree in Management, you’ll get that foundation – and much more. 

Business Administration
Business Administration
Business Administration

Are you passionate about IT and software development? Are you looking to become an expert in your field? If so, we have an excellent opportunity for you. Enroll in our online BSc Computer Science program and take your knowledge and skills to the next level.

Digital Business
Digital Business
Digital Business

Combine business knowledge with digital skills, and become an in-demand asset to any business in the international market.

Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

Constantly looking for ways to innovate? Always thinking of great new business ideas? Want to be the next Elon Musk or Jeff Bezos? Then this is the perfect study programme for you!

International Management
International Management
International Management

Be it for a career in start-ups or multinational corporations: IU International University of Applied Sciences prepares you for the global job market with an online Bachelor’s degree in International Management. This study programme will empower you to play a key part in any company’s success.

International Healthcare Management
International Healthcare Management
International Healthcare Management

Take on challenging responsibilities in an exciting industry – earn a Bachelor’s in International Healthcare Management.

Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Tap into the psychology that makes businesses and employees tick and create fruitful relationships that sustain success.

Applied Psychology
Applied Psychology
Applied Psychology

Understand the world of psychology through a practically focused lens for use in the working world with our B.Sc. Applied Psychology.

Master's Degrees

Take your skills and career to the next level with a master’s degree from an internationally recognized,
state-accredited university. 

Categories
  • Data & IT
  • Specialized Masters in AI
  • Business & Management
  • Marketing & Communication
  • Healthcare
DevOps and Cloud Computing Management
DevOps and Cloud Computing Management
DevOps and Cloud Computing Management

In Master DevOps and Cloud Computing Management, you can learn more about crucial IT topics like DevOps, Cloud Computing, and Serverless Computing. In classes like Applied Research, Computer Science and Society, and Agile Project Management, you will also study agile and ethical project management. 

DevOps and Cloud Computing
DevOps and Cloud Computing
DevOps and Cloud Computing

IT expertise concentrated in a single degree program. The Master in DevOps and Cloud Computing is divided into two main sections: DevOps - the combination of software development (development) and IT operations (ops) - and cloud computing. 

Business & IT
Business & IT
Business & IT

The master's in Business and IT degree will give you a keen understanding of intricate organizational structures and business processes. It will also give you the chance to expand on the specialized knowledge you gained in your bachelor's degree in a more practical manner. 

Applied Artificial Intelligence
Applied Artificial Intelligence
Applied Artificial Intelligence

This program consists of two main parts: The first covers general principles and methods of artificial intelligence. Following that, you can choose an elective specialization in one of the following areas: FinTech, Automotive, Supply Chain Management, Marketing and e-commerce, Production, Computer Vision, NLP, or Healthcare, where you'll gain practical expertise in applying AI. 

Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is everywhere! It's changing the way we work and how we think. In our online Master in Artificial Intelligence, you will learn how to successfully develop AI and in doing so actively shape our future.

Engineering Management
Engineering Management
Engineering Management

The Masters in Engineering Management study program is designed to help you achieve your professional goals in the engineering field, whether it’s working as an international consultant or moving up to a managerial position in engineering firms.

Computer Science
Computer Science
Computer Science

Software engineering, cyber security, or artificial intelligence: with our online Master’s degree in Computer Science, you’ll have your finger on the pulse of new technological developments.

Online Master Data Science
Online Master Data Science
Online Master Data Science

Unlock the future of data-driven innovation with our online Master's in Data Science. Join a dynamic learning community, gain cutting-edge skills in machine learning, data analysis, and artificial intelligence and prepare for a successful career in an in-demand, competitive field.

Data Management
Data Management
Data Management

Data Management is one of the most crucial work skills for the foreseeable future, and many predict that this trend will only increase. As an expert Data Manager with an internationally recognized degree, you’ll be primed for a long and successful career, and sought after by a wide variety of companies, across different industries.

Cyber Security
Cyber Security
Cyber Security

A cyber security expert masters the basics of modern operating systems, and is also familiar with distributed applications in the cloud, as well as methods of software forensics and data analysis. In our practice-oriented online study programme for cyber security, you will be trained to detect cyber threats and successfully defend against them.

Information Technology Management
Information Technology Management
Information Technology Management

Lead the information technology teams of the future – combine technical knowledge with practical management skills, and become an in-demand digital management professional!

Applied Artificial Intelligence in Automotive
Applied Artificial Intelligence in Automotive
Applied Artificial Intelligence in Automotive

Whether you aspire to become a (Senior) AI Developer, a pioneering AI Researcher, or a visionary Project Lead, our Master's in Applied Artificial Intelligence in Automotive (60 ECTS) will pave the way for a fulfilling career in this dynamic field. Here, you'll not only gain expertise in the latest AI knowledge and techniques but also acquire the skills needed to spearhead in automotive industry.  

Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision
Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision
Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision

Our 60-ETCS Master's degree in Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision is the right choice for you if you have completed your first degree outside of your field of study and have the relevant professional experience after a lateral entry into IT. 

Applied Artificial Intelligence in FinTech
Applied Artificial Intelligence in FinTech
Applied Artificial Intelligence in FinTech

Our 60 ETCS Master's degree in Applied AI in FinTech is the right choice for you if you have completed your first degree outside your field of specialisation and have relevant professional experience following a lateral entry into IT. 

Project Management
Project Management
Project Management

Plan, manage and oversee projects and their implementation; assemble your project team, and monitor its members’ success; be involved, foresee challenges, and offer quick solutions; use your broad expertise in business management, technology, and psychology to get the best out of teams, and ensure that everyone is working together in harmony.

Product Management
Product Management
Product Management

If you have a bachelor’s in product management, business administration, management, or a related business-related field and want to further your education in this field, our consecutive 120-ETCS master's in product management is a good fit for you. 

Digital Product Management
Digital Product Management
Digital Product Management

Our distance learning master's degree program in Digital Product Management is the right choice for you if you have completed a bachelor's degree in a field other than digital product management and have relevant professional experience.

Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Innovation & Entrepreneurship

Innovation initiatives and an entrepreneurial approach to business are two essential components of running successful businesses, regardless of their size or industry sector. Creativity, market familiarity, a willingness to take chances, and strong team management skills all combine to create the successful business entrepreneur of today.

Management
Management
Management

The online Master's program in Management is perfect for any specialist or executive whose first degree did not include economics. Whether you come from an engineering, science, or humanities background, your Master's in Management studies will provide you with sound leadership skills and know-how in a specialist field of management of your choice.

International Management
International Management
International Management

The Master’s program in International Management (MIM) aims to equip young professionals, who are at the early stages of their managerial career journey, with a unique set of skills and knowledge that will help them take their career forward.

Digital Innovation & Intrapreneurship
Digital Innovation & Intrapreneurship
Digital Innovation & Intrapreneurship

The 60 ECTS Master’s in Digital Innovation and Intrapreneurship program focuses on further honing and developing your entrepreneurial skills and vision, in order for you to help implement digital innovation processes in your future place of employment.

Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management

As a Human Resource (HR) Manager, you’ll play a key factor in helping companies and their workforce work together in order to achieve their shared goals. Your skills, empathy, experience and sense of responsibility will be required in order to help bridge gaps, settle disputes and represent both the interests of employers and the interests of employees at the same time.

Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence

As part of your studies in the Business Intelligence Master’s online programme at IU, you’ll become familiar with various data management concepts and practices. The programme’s focus on practical work skills will be exemplified by close examinations of ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes, how structured and unstructured data is stored, data modelling and visualisation and key figure creation for BI (Business Intelligence) reports.

Finance, Accounting and Taxation
Finance, Accounting and Taxation
Finance, Accounting and Taxation

The goal of the Finance, Accounting and Taxation online Master’s programme is to give you the tools you need for successfully meeting the financial challenges companies are expected to face in the future. To do so, the programme focuses on expanding your knowledge of economic principles, and adding to it further with specialist knowledge practical, proven approaches to financing, international accounting and taxation issues. 

Digital Marketing
Digital Marketing
Digital Marketing

Be it on the web, via mobile, social media or e-mail – our Master’s degree programme in Digital Marketing covers all you need to know about winning over your target audience, regardless of channel.  

Both in the 120 ECTS and in the 60 ECTS programme, you’ll explore results-driven marketing mainstays, such as performance marketing or digital analytics and strategies.  

Growth Hacking for Entrepreneurs
Growth Hacking for Entrepreneurs
Growth Hacking for Entrepreneurs

Throughout your studies, you will focus heavily on entrepreneurship and digital marketing. With a master's degree in Growth Hacking for Entrepreneurs, you will become an expert in assisting startups and entrepreneurs in improving their growth strategies and eventually taking on managerial responsibilities.

Growth Hacking
Growth Hacking
Growth Hacking

IU is the first university to offer a study programme in Growth Hacking. With the 120 ECTS program, you'll learn how to set businesses on a growth trajectory in this digital age. Learn about areas like data analysis, product management, and online marketing measures with clout.  

Marketing Management
Marketing Management
Marketing Management

Managers in the fields of marketing and sales are faced with increasingly complex and interactive responsibilities. Your future fields of employment after graduating with this Master’s programme include initial management positions in the areas of marketing and/or sales – in agencies, small and medium-sized enterprises, large international corporations or NGOs.

International Healthcare Management
International Healthcare Management
International Healthcare Management

Now more than ever, the challenges facing the Healthcare industry are global. That is why the IU online Master’s program in International Healthcare Management puts a strong emphasis on internationality, and how the global Healthcare industry operates. Combine practical skills and in-depth research of the economic, political, and social elements affecting international health policies and markets, and graduate as an expert on international Healthcare systems optimization.

MBAs

Regardless of your professional background, with our master MBA online degrees, you’ll expand your specialist knowledge, and develop your management skills to match top international positions.

Categories
  • General MBAs
  • Specialized MBAs
Master of Business Administration
Master of Business Administration
Master of Business Administration

Our Master of Business Administration (MBA) programme, available completely online, is highly practice-oriented, and will provide you with all the business administration knowledge and skills you’ll need as a future manager in international companies. 

One-year MBA
One-year MBA
One-year MBA

Our one-year MBA programme, which you can study completely online, is a concise and practice-oriented Master of Business Administration programme. Its goal is to help develop your existing professional skills, and add strong managerial tools to your professional arsenal.

MBA - Big Data Management
MBA - Big Data Management
MBA - Big Data Management

From finance to the health industry: thanks to the growth in data available to companies today, Big Data managers are now more in demand than ever. In the online MBA Big Data Management study programme, you’ll enhance your skills and learn how to use data efficiently. In doing so, you’ll familiarise yourself with the principles of information management and the methods of artificial intelligence. 

Engineering Management
Engineering Management
Engineering Management

In engineering, qualified specialists and managers are in high demand! During your MBA - Engineering Management online study programme, you’ll combine technical production expertise with management skills. If you already have professional experience in this field, completing our online MBA specialising in Engineering Management will take your career to the next level.

Finance & Accounting
Finance & Accounting
Finance & Accounting

The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is the highest academic management qualification on the global education market. With our specialised MBA – Finance & Accounting online study programme, you’ll gain sound business administration know-how, key leadership skills and comprehensive specialist knowledge of international finance & accounting. Once you graduate, you’ll have your pick of attractive leading roles in finance.

Salesforce & Sales Management
Salesforce & Sales Management
Salesforce & Sales Management

Learn to master the world’s leading customer relationship management software. You can build a solid knowledge base on how to work with Salesforce, and independently apply this knowledge, equipping yourself with the administrative skills to provide solutions for customers and businesses alike.

International Marketing
International Marketing
International Marketing

With a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, you will have achieved the highest academic management qualification in the global education market. Our specialised online MBA – International Marketing study programme will comprehensively prepare you to advance your career in marketing, sales, or brand building with the perfect mix of general management knowledge and specific marketing skills.

IT Management
IT Management
IT Management

If you want to expand your knowledge of IT and strengthen your management skills, then our online MBA – IT Management degree is perfect for you.

Why? Because in the MBA – IT Management, you’ll learn how to efficiently use data, technological familiarity, and business information to put your company’s strategic goals into action.

Once you graduate, you’ll be able to work as an IT Manager, taking on the management of projects with partner companies or state-run organizations at the interface between information technology and company management.

Our online MBA with a specialization in IT Management complies with the internationally recognized EQUAL MBA Guidelines.

 
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The Artificial Intelligence revolution is already here. Companies and managers now make everyday business decisions based on input from machine learning tools and AI-powered reporting platforms, and many business operations are now automated and carried out by AI services.

That’s where you, as an MBA – Artificial Intelligence graduate, come into the picture. With the unique combination of managerial expertise, technological understanding and familiarity with business ethics that you’ll gain from this study programme, you’ll be ready to lead teams in various AI-related projects. Now is the perfect time to join this rapidly growing industry, that’s in need of capable new managers.

E-Sports Management
E-Sports Management
E-Sports Management

E-Sports is an industry and business that is on a consistent growth path. The IU International University of Applied Sciences MBA degree with a specialization in E-Sports Management offers you a unique opportunity to take part in a young industry and help it grow bigger alongside your career development. Don’t miss out on your chance to be ahead of the curve by earning an online MBA specializing in E-Sports Management.

Healthcare Management
Healthcare Management
Healthcare Management

The healthcare sector has been at the centre of news reports over the last two years, and it is clear that the industry is going through rapid changes in an attempt to meet new challenges. What’s clearer than ever, though, is that healthcare is an industry that’s vital and exhilarating – and that young new managers, with a better understanding of the digital age, are required at almost every corner.

Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management

In today’s competitive job market, recruiters and talent hunters play a vital role. As new jobs emerge, and younger generations of professionals join the workforce with different sets of skills than the ones before them, companies are dependent on talented HR professionals to help them achieve their growth goals.

With IU’s MBA with a specialization in Human Resource Management, you’ll be at a great starting point to land an HR position in the world’s leading companies. With the ideal mix of business and HR expertise you’ll develop during your studies, you’ll know how to use soft skills with more traditional business administration responsibilities.

Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Innovation & Entrepreneurship

Calling all innovators, visionaries, and business disruptors – we’ve designed an MBA specialization just for you! In this study programme, you’ll get to nurture your ambitions and develop the necessary tools for successfully achieving your goals, no matter how big they are.

Combine business management knowledge with outside-of-the-box analytical tools to product design and project management, and you’ll be ready to launch companies or inspire change in corporations right after graduating.

 
Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management

As the recent global disruptions in supply chains have demonstrated clearly, our increasingly globalised world makes the job of supply chain managers considerably more complex – and considerably more vital.

An excellent supply chain manager can help companies navigate through these challenges successfully, and is therefore a real asset to businesses. If you’re ready to take on these opportunities to test yourself, IU International University of Applied Sciences' online MBA with a specialisation in Supply Chain Management will prepare you to excel in any industry that requires international logistics.

Is it possible to study Online?

Yes, it is possible to study online. Choosing an online degree offers a convenient and accessible path to earn a bachelor’s degree, a master’s degree, or an MBA that sets you up for a successful career path in your field of interest or passion.

Flexibility

To further push our goal of making education accessible and inclusive to everyone, IU's academic degrees are incredibly flexible. If you plan to work, travel or have family responsibilities, our online programmes have part-time study options that allow you to do both.

Affordability

IU is one of the leading universities at the forefront of making education accessible and inclusive. This means that affordability is a big factor for us, plus we also offer scholarships and more!

Join a Global Community

Be part of a diverse, multicultural, international university community of students, teachers and academics right from the comfort of your living room! This helps you expand your network and place you with better connections for jobs, around the world.

How to apply?

Want to enrol in one of our degree programmes or online bachelor’s degrees?
Here’s a step-by-step of the application process.

Get to know us!

Get to know us and our programmes! You're on our website, and you're interested in higher education, preferably online or abroad? Our website has tons of information on who we are, what we stand for and the programmes we offer!

Choose your programme

Once you've decided on which programme you want, you can get in touch with us and request our free of charge information material by clicking on the "Apply here" button in this page. Fill in your details in the form, and you’ll get in touch with one of our Advisors, visit our FAQ section or even attend one of our free webinars.

Apply Online

Once you've got all the information and have really confirmed your choice of programme, go ahead and apply online! You can fill out the application form with the help of our Advisors.

Sign the contract

Once your form is submitted, IU generates your personalised study contract. You can then read it, sign it digitally and we will take care of the rest. This contract has information on your study fees, starting date and a checklist of application documents that need to be submitted for your successful enrolment.

Send your application documents

The documents you'll need to submit depend on your degree programme of choice and you can find them in the checklist in your contract. Send the documents - we then review your documents within 5 business days. Our team will then notify you if you do not meet the admission requirements, if we need any other documents or if you've met the requirements and have been enrolled successfully!

Start your studies

On your study start date, you'll receive an email with all your login details to all of the systems you'll be using during your online degree:

  • The IU Learn app
  • myCampus, where you’ll register to courses, get updates, and have access to events
  • Your student e-mail
  • Your free MS Office suite, including TEAMS, where you can chat with students and tutors.
  • And that's that! You are now on your way to being an IU graduate with a bachelor degree that can open doors to all sorts of exciting career opportunities!

    Upskill your career with an IU degree

    Get job-ready with an IU degree. Upskill with our internationally recognised, career-oriented programmes that help make your CV shine. Study flexibly and advance your career on your terms!

    Frequently Asked Questions

    A bachelor’s degree or undergraduate degree is an educational qualification that you receive after you graduate from a specific programme of study. It is typically the first step of higher education that high school students can pursue once they graduate. Bachelor degrees help build a solid educational foundation in the subject of your interest, or passion, thereby making you a great candidate for a job in your field. Also, most master’s degree programmes have bachelor’s degrees in their entry requirements, which means you’ll need one if you’d like to study further.

    Bachelor’s degree programs are typically four years long. However, this often varies around the world and depends on the country, subject, the institution, method of study (whether full time or part time), whether the course is via distance learning or not and much more. In recent years, the usefulness of an online education is being more and more recognised, paving new ways to pursue an undergraduate programme – and this too has an impact on its duration.

    Yes, you can do an online bachelor’s degree! AT IU, we believe that education needs to be flexible and accessible to everyone, which is why we offer online degrees in a variety of current, career-focused subjects. You also have the option of doing it 100% online, right from application all the way until graduation! Our online degrees also give you the flexibility to decide your own study schedule, so you can study on your own time.

    There isn’t a specific degree that is universally regarded as the best for an MBA. The field of study for your bachelor’s study depends on your personal interests and career goals. Most MBA graduates come from diverse educational backgrounds such as business, finance, economics, engineering, or even liberal arts! However, something you can consider is to choose a bachelor’s degree that aligns with your desired MBA specialisation or the industry you wish to work in. Ultimately, the best bachelor’s degree for an MBA is one that equips you with relevant skills, knowledge, and a solid foundation for your chosen MBA specialization.

    Can I do two bachelor’s degrees at the same time?

     

    Depending on the institution, the programmes and your time schedules, it could be possible to pursue two bachelor’s degrees at the same time. However, it could be challenging and time consuming, since both programmes will have deliverables such as research, assignments, projects and coursework, as well as examinations. Taking up two degree courses at the same time would require careful planning.

     

    A master’s degree typically takes one to two years of full-time study. However, the duration can vary depending on the country, programme, and whether you study part-time or full-time. Some specialised or research-intensive master’s programmes may take longer to complete.

    The demand for Master’s degrees varies depending on the current job market and industry. However, in recent times, the most in-demand master’s degrees are in fields like applied artificial intelligence, data science, cyber security, healthcare administration, business analytics, and computer science. These areas are experiencing rapid growth and require specialised skills. Earning a Master’s degree in one of these high-demand fields can enhance job prospects and open up opportunities for rewarding careers with competitive salaries.

    It is possible in some cases to pursue a master’s degree after completing a diploma programme. However, this depends on the diploma programme and the kind of master’s degree programme you are interested in. However, you should keep in mind that typically, a diploma may not always be sufficient for admission to all master’s programmes.